Linux用户对于时间同步,基本上是使用ntpdate和ntpd这两个工具实现的,但是这两个工具已经很古老了,在某些情况下,例如,你的服务器经常开关机,或者很少,偶尔才能连接外部网络,最典型的比如在隔绝的内网中,没有相应时间同步的硬件,ntpd支持就不是很好了。

chrony是redhat开发的,它是网络时间协议的 (NTP) 的另一种实现。centos7/rhel7默认的时间同步工具,在centos6.8之后,老的centos和rhel6系列也添加上了这个工具。Chrony可以同时做为ntp服务的客户端和服务端。默认安装完后有两个程序chronyd和chronyc 。chronyd是一个在系统后台运行的守护进程,chronyc是用来监控chronyd性能和配置其参数程序。

服务端的配置如下:

server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

stratumweight 0
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
rtcsync
makestep 10 3
allow 192.168/16
smoothtime 400 0.01

bindcmdaddress 127.0.0.1
bindcmdaddress ::1

local stratum 8
manual
keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
initstepslew 10 client1 client3 client6
commandkey 1
generatecommandkey
noclientlog
logchange 0.5
logdir /var/log/chrony

192.168是允许连接到服务器的子网的网段。

防火墙开通端口

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ntp
firewall-cmd --reload

客户端设置如下:

server pdc.adagene.cn iburst
stratumweight 0
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/drift
rtcsync
makestep 10 3
allow 192.168.49.196
bindcmdaddress 127.0.0.1
bindcmdaddress ::1
local stratum 10
initstepslew 20 pdc.adagene.cn
keyfile /etc/chrony.keys
commandkey 24
generatecommandkey
noclientlog
logchange 0.5
logdir /var/log/chrony
log measurements statistics tracking

需要注意的是,我们这里的pdc.adagene.cn是有内网解析的刚才master的的主机名。allow后面的ip地址为master主机的ip地址。

启用chronyd服务即可同步:

systemctl start chronyd.service

或者没有启动服务,手动同步(类似ntpdate命令):

chronyd -q 'server pdc.adagene.cn iburst'

附几条客户端查询常用的命令:

查看源服务器状态chronyc sourcestats

[root@template ~]# chronyc sourcestats
210 Number of sources = 1
Name/IP Address            NP  NR  Span  Frequency  Freq Skew  Offset  Std Dev
==============================================================================
192.168.49.196              4   3     6     +3.856    284.293   +214us    29us

查看详细同步状态chronyc sources -v

[root@template ~]# chronyc sources -v
210 Number of sources = 1

  .-- Source mode  '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
 / .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined,
| /   '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable.
||                                                 .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
||      Reachability register (octal) -.           |  xxxx = adjusted offset,
||      Log2(Polling interval) --.      |          |  yyyy = measured offset,
||                                \     |          |  zzzz = estimated error.
||                                 |    |           \
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^* 192.168.49.196                3   6    17    35  +7984ns[  +25us] +/-   23ms

追踪同步情况chronyc tracking

[root@template ~]# chronyc tracking
Reference ID    : 192.168.49.196 (192.168.49.196)
Stratum         : 4
Ref time (UTC)  : Mon Aug 22 06:58:59 2016
System time     : 0.000012924 seconds fast of NTP time
Last offset     : +0.000033437 seconds
RMS offset      : 0.000071534 seconds
Frequency       : 34.016 ppm slow
Residual freq   : +0.049 ppm
Skew            : 1.057 ppm
Root delay      : 0.039409 seconds
Root dispersion : 0.002063 seconds
Update interval : 64.2 seconds
Leap status     : Normal

 

内网搭建chrony时间同步服务器步骤
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